Criminal Justice

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Create citations in MLA, APA, or Chicago/Turabian formats for a wide variety of material types.

What Is a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)?

A DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is an alpha-numeric string used to provide a persistent link to electronic documents. It is similar to a book's ISBN (Interntional Standard Book Number). The DOI links the user back to the original source of publication (ejournal article or ebook). Here are two examples:

     10.1080/08832320903217606
     10.3748/wjg.v16.i20.2484

When available, include the DOI in your journal article references.

DOIs are not like URLs.  You cannot put the DOI in a search engine and expect to find the article.

Instead, go to the DOI Resolver Site and paste it in the search box to locate your document.