Criminal Justice

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Citing Indirect Sources

Try to avoid quoting works "cited in" other works ~ BUT ~ sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited in another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:

As Carter Martin states, "Only a few characters are more deeply evil, and they incarnate the force and living presence of a chaotic, destructive, and dark principle of evil in the world; these characters are agents of or physical embodiments of the devil" (qtd. in Shaw 474).

Refers to this in Works Cited:

Shaw, Mary Neff. "Responses to God's Grace: Varying Degrees of

      Doubt in Flannery O'Connor's Character Types." CLA Journal    44.4

      (June 2001): 471-479. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Janet

      Witalec. Vol. 61. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Literature Resource Center.

      Web. 1 Dec. 2010.

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